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doi:  10.12013/qxyjzyj2022-029
黄河源区高寒草地-大气间水热交换通量特征

Characteristics of Vapor and Heat Flux Exchange Between Alpine Grassland and Atmosphere in the Source Region of the Yellow River
摘要点击 279  全文点击 226  投稿时间:2022-02-25  修订日期:2022-08-22
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基金:  国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41775011);海南省自然科学基金创新研究团队项目(编号:2017CXTD014).
中文关键词:  高寒草地,水热交换,地表通量,环境因子,影响
英文关键词:  alpine grassland  water and heat exchange  surface flux  environmental factors  influence
           
作者中文名作者英文名单位
罗琪Luo Qi海南省气象科学研究所, 海南 海口 570203;海南省南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室, 海南 海口 570203
张廷龙Zhang Tinglong海南省气象科学研究所, 海南 海口 570203;海南省南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室, 海南 海口 570203
李振朝Li Zhenchao中国科学院 西北生态环境资源研究院, 甘肃 兰州 730000
李照国Li Zhaoguo中国科学院 西北生态环境资源研究院, 甘肃 兰州 730000
引用:罗琪,张廷龙,李振朝,李照国.2022,黄河源区高寒草地-大气间水热交换通量特征[J].气象与减灾研究,45(3):207-215
中文摘要:
      利用黄河源区玛曲观测站2016年涡动相关系统和微气象梯度塔观测资料,分析了高寒草地 大气间水热交换通量的特征。结果表明:夜间地表各通量值很小,净辐射和感热通量为负值,潜热通量的值较小但始终为正。日出后随着太阳辐射和地表加热作用各通量迅速增大,在14时左右达到峰值。暖季(6—8月)夜间感热通量占净辐射的比例(H/Rn)高于感潜通量占净辐射的比例(LE/Rn),日出后LE/Rn开始升高而H/Rn减小,日间LE/Rn大于H/Rn。冷季(12月—次年2月)H/Rn始终大于LE/Rn,感热通量在冷季的能量分配中占据主导地位。暖季LE/Rn、H/Rn均随土壤温度升高而升高。冷季H/Rn与5 cm深度土壤温度表现出了更为明显的二次关系,随着温度升高先降低后升高,当温度小于-7 ℃时H/Rn降低,大于-6 ℃时H/Rn增大。暖季H/Rn随着土壤湿度增大先降低后升高,LE/Rn先升高后降低。在0—1.5 kPa,暖季饱和水汽压差与LE/Rn、H/Rn均呈线性关系,并随着饱和水汽压差增大,LE/Rn增大而H/Rn减小;1.5 kPa之后,LE/Rn、H/Rn变化特征均保持其原有趋势。
Abstract:
      Based on the eddy correlation system and micro meteorological gradient tower observation data of Maqu site in the source region of the Yellow River in 2016, the characteristics of vapor and heat flux exchange between alpine grassland and atmosphere were analyzed. The results showed that the surface fluxes at night were very small, the net radiation and sensible heat fluxes were negative, and the latent heat fluxes were small but always positive. After sunrise, with the solar radiation and surface heating, the fluxes increased rapidly, reaching a peak at about 14:00 Beijing time. The ratio of sensible heat flux to net radiation (H/Rn) at night in the warm season was higher than that of sensible latent flux to net radiation (LE/Rn). After sunrise, LE/Rn began to rise, while H/Rn decreased, and LE/Rn was greater than H/Rn during the day. In the cold season, H/Rn was always greater than LE/Rn, and the sensible heat flux played a leading role in the energy distribution in the cold season. In the warm season, LE/Rn and H/Rn increased with the increase of soil temperature. In the cold season, H/Rn showed a significant quadratic relationship with the soil temperature at 5 cm depth, which decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of temperature. When the temperature was less than -7 ℃, H/Rn decreased, and when it was greater than -6 ℃, H/Rn increased. In the warm season, H/Rn decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of soil humidity, and LE/Rn increased firstly and then decreased. Between 0-1.5 kPa, the saturated water vapor pressure difference in warm season presented a linear relationship with LE/Rn and H/Rn. With the increase of saturated water vapor pressure difference, LE/Rn increased and H/Rn decreased, which indicated that the ability of net radiation to convert into sensible heat decreased and the energy force to convert into latent heat increased. When higher than 1.5 kPa, the variation characteristics of LE/Rn and H/Rn maintained their original trends.
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